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Whether it’s copper melting points or iron melting points, the melting point of metal is an important factor for a lot of different applications. Metals are often heated to their melting points for various manufacturing processes such as smelting, fusion welding, and casting. The melting point of a metal is important because it allows for the metal to become molten and moldable. It’s also important to know the melting point of a metal because it can help determine which machinery is appropriate for a given application.
Only two elements on the periodic table are liquid at the temperature technically known as “room temperature”: mercury (a metal) and bromine (a halogen). Four elements are liquids slightly warmer than room temperature: francium, cesium, gallium, and rubidium (all metals). These liquids have a low melting point.
Alloys with low melting points are often used in safety devices. For example, the plugs in many fire sprinklers and other heated pressure vessels are made of fusible alloys that will melt at a predetermined temperature, relieving dangerous pressures or triggering a sprinkler system even without power. These alloys are usually composed of the non-toxic metals indium and gallium.
Another common use for a low-melting alloy is soldering. Solders are typically composed of the less-toxic metals bismuth, indium, and tin, which are used to join materials together in a manner similar to delicate welding. These alloys replaced the lead-based solders that were once commonly used, since the latter are considered a health hazard.